Use our samples but remember about PLAGIARISM! In the east they overpowered Samarkand in 676AD and the Borders of India in 707AD. A tough childhood, losing his parents at an early age and working as a merchant most of his life . [51] The first communities arose in Northern Sumatra (Aceh) and the Malacca's remained a stronghold of Islam from where it was propagated along the trade routes in the region. Why does Islam spread so quickly? Ottoman Islamic standards of toleration allowed for autonomous "nations" (millets) in the Empire, under their own personal law and under the rule of their own religious leaders. Sometimes it might actually be the case. Moreover, conversion to Islam did not necessarily imply a complete turning from an old to a totally new life. Considerable controversy exists as to how conversion to Islam came about in the Indian subcontinent. The defeat of the Ottomans in 1699 by the Austrians resulted in their loss of Hungary and present-day Croatia. 40% in the mid-9th century to close to 100% by the end of the 11th century. Overtime, the religion continued to attract new followers, which leads to question- how and why did Islam spread so quickly? For instance, they represented Ali as the tenth avatar of Vishnu and wrote hymns as well as a mahdi purana in their effort to win converts. After the death of Muhammad, his successors set out to spread the message of Islam throughout the Middle East, West Asia, and North Africa. Many Christians, such as John of Damascus, held important offices at their court. According to historians, through the zealous missionary work of Samanid rulers, as many as 30,000 tents of Turks came to profess Islam and later under the Ghaznavids higher than 55,000 under the Hanafi school of thought. Following the brutal Mongol invasion of Central Asia under Hulagu Khan and after the Battle of Baghdad (1258), Mongol rule extended across the breadth of almost all Muslim lands in Asia. The first complete translation of the Qur'an into Persian occurred during the reign of Samanids in the 9th century. This is due largely to the lack of idea/ ideology or spirit Islam brought. First, Islam’s rapid growth is the result of politico-military conquests in the Early Middle Ages. The reasons why, by the end of the 10th century, a large part of the population had converted to Islam are diverse. By the 16th century, most of the people of what are nowadays Iran and Azerbaijan had adopted the Shia branch of Islam through the conversion policies of the Safavids. [21] Throughout this period, as well as in the following centuries, divisions occurred between Persians and Arabs, and Sunnis and Shias, and unrest in provinces empowered local rulers at times.[19]. He fled to Mecca, in a cave where he was given the words of Allah and by this, introducing the religion. "[17] Conversion initially was neither required nor necessarily wished for: "(The Arab conquerors) did not require the conversion as much as the subordination of non-Muslim peoples. [48] The Mughal decline provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire, Mysore Kingdom, Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad and Nizams of Hyderabad to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent. True, the statements surrounding victories all celebrated the incorporation of territory into Muslim domains, but the actual Ottoman focus was on taxation and making the realms productive, and a religious campaign would have disrupted that economic objective. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This was ruled by the next four caliphs, and were known as the “rightly-guided” and their rule as a caliphate. The last reason to how Islam spread quickly was through conquest. [3] Still at the end of the Umayyad period, the Muslim community was only a minority in the region. Muslims now lived within an elaborated system of ritual, doctrine and law clearly different from those of non-Muslims. [41] These are typically represented by the following schools of thought:[41], Muslim missionaries played a key role in the spread of Islam in India with some missionaries even assuming roles as merchants or traders. In contrast, Roman Catholics, while tolerated, were suspected of loyalty to a foreign power (the Papacy). In Balkan history, historical writing on the topic of conversion to Islam was, and still is, a highly charged political issue. [22] Both periods were also marked by significant migrations of Arab tribes outwards from the Arabian Peninsula into the new territories.[23]. A sense of unity grew among many though not all provinces, gradually forming the consciousness of a broadly Arab-Islamic population: something which was recognizably an Islamic world had emerged by the end of the 10th century. Most of these laws were elaborations of basic laws concerning non-Muslims (dhimmis) in the Quran. [55] Little is known about the timeline of the Islamization of Inner Asia and of the Turkic peoples who lay beyond the bounds of the caliphate. Main articles: Arab-Byzantine Wars, Byzantine-Seljuq wars, Byzantine-Ottoman Wars. * * * * Do Now, Part II - Document F review VP - Marketing VP - Production In the year 636 CE, "Ottoman Connections to the Malay World: Islam, Law and Society", Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press, 2011 (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2021, at 18:39. Islam originated in present day Saudi Arabia where the prophet, Muhammad, had been born. Richard Bulliet's "conversion curve" shows a relatively low rate of conversion of non-Arab subjects during the Arab centric Umayyad period of 10%, in contrast with estimates for the more politically multicultural Abbasid period which saw the Muslim population grow from approx. Muslim leaders showed tolerance for the citizens of their conquered territories. So, why did this particular religion expand so rapidly? No previous conqueror had tried to assimilate the Berbers, but the Arabs quickly converted them and enlisted their aid in further conquests. This was followed by the powerful Ghurids and Timurids who further expanded the culture of Islam and the Timurid Renaissance, reaching until Bengal. Islam is the religion created by the prophet Muhammad. [citation needed] By the time the colonial powers and their missionaries arrived in the 17th century the region up to New Guinea was overwhelmingly Muslim with animist minorities. Despite Arabian quick conquests, that didn’t mean populations would turn Muslim overnight. Next lesson. The Arab merchants and traders became the carriers of the new religion and they propagated it wherever they went. [30] When the hour for his prayer came, Omar was in the Anastasis church, but refused to pray there, lest in the future Muslims should use that as an excuse to break the treaty and confiscate the church. [56] The Bulgars of the Volga (to whom the modern Volga Tatars trace their Islamic roots) adopted Islam by the 10th century. [36] After the Saffarids and Samanids, the Ghaznavids re-conquered Transoxania, and invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 11th century. (...) The status of Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians was more precisely defined, and in some ways it was inferior. However, the modern-day history of the Islamization of the region - or rather a conscious affiliation with Islam - dates to the reign of the ulus of the son of Genghis Khan, Jochi, who founded the Golden Horde,[57] which operated from the 1240s to 1502. At the outset, they were hostile to conversions because new Muslims diluted the economic and status advantages of the Arabs. The 13th-century Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta noted that the great mosque of Kilwa Kisiwani was made of coral stone (the only one of its kind in the world). [33] At times, Muslim leaders in their effort to win converts encouraged attendance at Muslim prayer with promises of money and allowed the Quran to be recited in Persian instead of Arabic so that it would be intelligible to all. "[17] In contrast, for tribal, nomadic, monotheistic societies, "Islam was substituted for a Byzantine or Sassanian political identity and for a Christian, Jewish or Zoroastrian religious affiliation. In addition to conversion to Islam, the Muslim population also grew from a higher birth rate than non-Muslims, a result of the right of Muslim men to marry four women, and possess numerous concubines and having the power to ensure their children were raised Muslims.[24]. The Islam started to spread after the death of Prophet Mohammad in the year 632. In the initial invasion, the victorious Muslims granted religious freedom to the Christian community in Alexandria, for example, and the Alexandrians quickly recalled their exiled Monophysite patriarch to rule over them, subject only to the ultimate political authority of the conquerors. From being a small religious sect in the Middle East, Islam has for centuries grown into one of the world’s major religions with close to 1.8 billion adherents worldwide. Some of the Muslims that were granted protection are said to have then settled in several parts of the Horn region to promote the religion. Only on the Arabian Peninsula was the proportion of Muslims among the population higher than this.[19]. B1.) The remaining Muslim converts in both elected to leave "lands of unbelief" and moved to territory still under the Ottomans. Christianity spread in that area first because of Jesus ties to the resident's ancestors. The Mongols destroyed the caliphate and persecuted Islam, replacing it with Buddhism as the official state religion. [58] The Mongols had been religiously and culturally conquered; this absorption ushered in a new age of Mongol-Islamic synthesis[58] that shaped the further spread of Islam in central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Use our samples but remember about PLAGIARISM! Muslim traders would set up outposts where they can also spread the message of Islam. Islam was first introduced around 600 AD through the prophet Muhammad. Missionary activity came to a head after the death of Muhammad. It is intrinsically linked to the issues of formation of national identities and rival territorial claims of the Balkan states. The Muslim community called ‘Ummah, came into existence during the period of Prophet Mohammad. It is now apparent that conversion by force, while not unknown in Muslim countries, was, in fact, rare. While Muslim Spain was fragmenting, the Christian kingdoms grew larger and stronger, and the balance of power shifted against the 'Taifa' kingdoms. The Arabs were able to wrest areas from the Persian and Byzantine empires. These initial conversions were of a flexible nature. This community started to spread from Arabian Peninsula. In the east they overpowered Samarkand in 676AD and the Borders of India in 707AD. Ismailis were instructed to speak potential converts in their own language. Harun Abu Jaʻfar (786-809), sent the keys of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to Charlemagne, who built a hospice for Latin pilgrims near the shrine.[28].