In addition, the world reknown Professor Ellsworth Huntington [8] of Yale University remarked, "…the Sikhs are the only one of these… …that has experienced any appreciable selection…. Eg Caste consists of professions divided into four Categories called Varnas. After the death of Nodh Singh, Jassa Singh became the chief of the Misal. Dalip Singh died in Paris on October 22, 1893 [18]. Jat Muslim or Musalman Jat also pronounced Jutt (Urdu: مسلمان جٹ ‎) are the patrilineal descendants of Jat people of Northern regions of the Indian Subcontinent who are followers of Islam.They are found primarily throughout Sindh, Pakistan and Punjab region of Pakistan. All of these books are part of Hinduism, written by Hindu Mystics. The chief of this Misal was Hira Singh, a Jat of the Sandhu clan [7, 16]. (Lt. Col. Tod, J. The area lying between Lahore and Gogaira (now both in Pakistan) was called Naka country and during the middle of the eighteenth century A.D., Hira Singh took possession of it; thus the Misal became known as Nakai Misal. A year later on November 5, 1840 Kharak Singh also passed away (said to have been poisoned by the Dogra Brothers) and on the same day that his son Nau Nihal Singh became the de facto Maharaja, he was wounded in a suspicious freak accident while returning from his father's funeral, rushed from the scene and locked away from his family and friends by his father's Vasir, Dylan Singh Dogra (a Rajput who had declared allegance to Maharaja Ranjit Singh but did not, himself, become a Sikh). (Francklin, W. [11], pp. Accurate Jat Translation, Synonyms and Antonyms. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. II)), "Uncut hair was a Jat custom…". "If indeed some regulations which are in their (Sikhs) nature purely military… …be excepted, it will be found, that the Seiks (Sikhs) are neither more or less than Jauts (Jats) in their primitive state ". (Captain Bingley, A.H. [3], pp. 151), "…the virtues of the Jats are identical with those of the Sikhs…". The largest Bunga with two watchtowers, at the Complex of the Harmandar Sahib was built by the Ramgarhia Misl. Professor Joyce Pettigrew [20] added, "the army (British India Army) had recruited only Jats (Jat Sikhs) and had been closed as an occupation to…". Some of the descriptions of the Jat Sikhs given in the these Military documents are as follows: "The Sikh Jat is generally tall and muscular, with well shaped limbs, erect carriage, and strongly marked and handsome features. Padah/Padda, Pahal/Pahil, Pahor, Pakimor, Palahi/Plahay, Palu, Panaich/Pnaich, Pan, Pandah, Pandeshi, Pandher, Pandi, Pandohal, Panehal, Panjotarah, Panjuttha, Pannu, Pannuhan, Panohan, Panon, Panwar, Panwaria, Parer, Parhar, Passani, Patoha, Paton, Patre, Paungar, Pawri, Phakiwar, Phagura/Fagura, Phalar, Phalron, Phalyon, Phiphra, Phoghat/Phogat, Phulsawal, Pogal, Pohea, Pokhwat, Ponar, Poni, Poniya, Pontah, Pote, Puni, Punia, Punn, Punnun, Purahwal/Purewal/Puriwal, Rahal, Rahan, Rahola, Rai, Raibdar, Rain, Rajian, Rajwa, Rajwana, Rak, Rakhya, Rakkar,rakhra, Ramana, Ran, Randhawa, Randhay, Rando, Rangi, Ranidhar, Ranjha, Ratah, Rathi, Rathyah, Rato, Rattol/Ratol, Rawaki, Rawat, Rawani, Rayar, Redhu/Redu, Reman, Riar or Riyar, Rihan, Rokhe, Ronga,Rongar,Roth,Ruhil/Ruhal, Sabrahi, Sadhana, Sadho, Sadhra, Sagal, Sahansi, Saharan, Sahi, Sahol, Sahon, Sahota/Sihota, Sahrawat, Sahwal, Sajra, Sakhra, Salahah, Salaich/Slaich, Salotra, Sall, Samdarani, Samejah, Samor, Samra, Samrae, Samrao, San, Sanbhal, Sanda, Sandah, Sandelah, Sandhal, Sandhar, Sandhawalia, Sandhi, Sandho, Sandhu/Sindhu/Sindhar, Sandi, Sangah/Sangha, Sange, Sangere, Sanghera, Sanghi, Sangi, Sangoke, Sangrah, Sangrota, Sangwan, Sani, Sankhalan, Sanmoranah, Sanond, Sansi, Sapra, Sarai, Saran/Sra/Sran, sarna, Sarao, Sarawat, Saraye, Sardiye, Sargana, Sarlah, Saroiah, Sarot, Sarsar, Sarwar, Sarwi, Sategrah, Sathar, Satiar, Satwahan, Saunan, Segar, Segrah, Sehi, Sekan, Sekhu or Sekhon, Sekun, Semi, Seni, Serah, Seti, Sethi, Sewarah, Sewari, Shajra, Sheokhand/Shaukhanda/Seokand, Shekhon, Shekhra, Shergill, Sheroran, Sian, Siar, Sibia/Sivia/Sibiya, Sidhu/Sidhu-Barar/Brar, Sinhmar, Soha, Sohal, Sohi, Sojani, Solgi, Solkah, Somal, Sonal, Sontra, Soro, Sotbah, Sotrak, Suda, Sudan, Suhag, Sumra, Sunner, Sura, Surwat, Swanch, Swaich/Sawaich, Tajar, Tajra, Tak-Seroa, Talah, Taleri, Talot, Tanwari, Taoni, Tanor,Tara, Tarar, Tareli, Tarholi, Tatla, Tatli, Tawri, Jat Sikh Subcastes. 93). This gives an Ethnic Nature to Jatt Identity strongly proving the case that assumption "Jatt means Farmer" is false and thereby further concluding assumption that Jatt is a Caste is False too. Also, they are credited for constructing the Bhangi fort at Amritsar (the holy city of the Sikhs in Punjab) and enlarging and beautifying the town with many noble edifices [7] in the later part of the eighteenth century. [15] - Griffin, L.H. Badal (a Dhillon Jat) and etc. Sikh Caste Names. Even though there are no up to date accurate available statistics, some people say their number is as high as 85%. [22] - Mason, P., A Matter of Honour, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1974, pp.352-353. 123, 126, first published in 1932. Every Jat village was a small republic…". Finally, the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Dalip Singh, became the ruler of the Sikh Kingdom and in A.D. 1849, after two failed Anglo-Sikh wars, his Kingdom became a part of the British Empire. The Jat people ethnic group which live in Northern India and Pakistan regions, have many different types of religions, professions and languages. People do not accept a new faith unless there is something in their temperament which responds to that faith…. [10] - Griffiths, J., A Memorandum on the Punjab and Kandahar, February 17, 1794, in Early European Accounts of the Sikhs edited by Dr. Ganda Singh, Published by Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi, India, 1974, pp. They are classed various such as an ethnic group, race, tribe and a people. In regard to the characteristics of the Jat Sikhs Captain Bingley [3] quoted Thomason in 1899, "they are manly without false pride; undemonstrative; independent without insolence; reserved in manner, but good-natured, light-hearted, and industrious. 1-2, Feb. Aug. 1981, pp. Jat Muslims are also found in the province of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. (Sir), The Punjab Chiefs, Vol. When the other Sikh courtiers finally forced the doors open to the chambers where Kanvar-Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh was held, he was found dead and in a much worse condition than when he was carried away on a palki with only minor injuries. [19], pp. "…if military service is made the exclusive right of Jat Sikhs and a few outcasts, still the Jat must ever be the main source for recruits, as he far and away outnumbers the other people, and possesses as a class qualities which no other people can claim. Jat Sikhs of the early part of the twentieth century were Shahid Bhagat Singh (a Sandhu [6] - Cunningham, J.D., History of the Sikhs, reprinted by S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1985, pp. Mahton Sikh Subcastes. This Misal was founded by Charat Singh, a Jat of the Sandhawalia clan and grandfather of the Maharaja (great King) Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh empire of the nineteenth century [7]. Jat), Bhai Mani Singh (a Jat) and Mehtab Singh (a Bhangu Jat). Jat people were historically farmers, landowners and warriors. Interestingly, General Sir MacMunn [14] wrote, "Then was the Punjab annexed and the boy, Dalip Singh, eventually sent to be brought up in England with ample revenues. These two warriors were the standard-bearers of the assembled Khalsa (baptized Sikh or pure) army, hence, the name Nishanwala was given to this Misal. Sikha Caste Systems - different caste and subastes system in sikh. We provide breaking news, Pakistani news, International news, Business news, Sports news, Urdu news and Live Urdu News. 14-15. (Cunningham, J.D. Kamboh Sikh Subcastes. The recruitment policy concerning the Sikh soldiers into the British India Army appears to have been heavily biased towards the Jat Sikhs. The Jats are thoroughly independent in character, and assert personal and individual freedom, as against communal or tribal control, more strongly than any other people". 623 (Vol, I), 138 (Vol. According to Cunningham [6] in 1844 the estimated revenue of the Sikh Kingdom was 32.475 million in 1844 rupees and the breakdown for the army's forces was: Ranjit Singh was the only ruler in South Asia who could have opposed British rule in India but he had befriended the British with which he entered into peace treaties. JATT SURNAMES: A: Anuja, Anwal, Arab, Arar, Atwal, Arya, Asar or Asra, Athangal, Aujla, Aulakh or Aurak, . He died at Amritsar in A.D. 1753. 192-193. Latif [7] wrote, "The founder of the Misal was Khoshal Singh, a Jat of Mouza Guga near Amritsar, Punjab. [10], pp. 90-91, 11, 92. But Jatts can be found in just any profession: Business, Politics, Sports and so on. II, Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore, Pakistan, 1890. Kalal or Ahluwalia Sikh Subcastes. Sansi Sikh Subcastes. This is said to be the very same stone from which the death sentences for Guru Tegh Bahadur and Banda Bahadur were pronounced. They are thought to be descendants of Scythians by many historians who migrated to the fertile region of northwestern India through Sindh as nomadic farmers and settled with the local population. The Jat Sikhs mighty and curled of bears, kin perhaps of the men of Kent (a district in England), the Jutes from Jutland…". If, too, a Sikh belonging to a good Sikh tehsil (sub-district), does not give the name of a well known Jat Sikh tribe (clan) as his, he is pretty sure not to be a Jat…". British military officers appear to have regularly used the term "Jat Sikhs", for example, General Sir MacMunn [14] on page 4 of his book wrote regarding the arrival of the British Indian Army in France during World War I, "The martial races shall stride across the stage… …as they swung through Marseilles (France) with half the girls of France on their arms… …that Marseilles that went beside itself to see the smoke stacks and masts of the mighty. For example, two of the well known followers of Guru Nanak (born in 1469), the founder of Sikhism, were Jats: Bala (a Sandhu Jat [6]) and Bhai Buddha (a Randhawa Jat). [2] (A.D. 1928). The young Dalip Singh was taken to England by the British authorities and became a close friend of Queen Victoria's family. As per Latif [7], the chief of this Misal was a Jat named Phul of the Sandhu (Sidhu?) Later on the Misal was popularly known as the Ramgarhia Misal. The biggest Misconception regarding the term "Jatt" is defining it as a "Caste" as per the standards set by the Indian Caste System. [4] - Census of India, Vol. 113-150, first published in 1848. Sohal (Member of the Alberta Legislative Assembly), and I.S. Furthermore, Philip Mason [22] says "Most Sikhs-particularly in the army-are descended from Hindus who were Jats by race before their conversion (to Sikhism)…. Major Barstow, A.E. (Sir), The Punjab Chiefs, Vol. [5] - McLeod, W.H., The Evolution of the Sikh Community, Oxford University Press, London, 1976, pp. Hari Singh's sons, Jhanda Singh and Ganda Singh played an instrumental role in strengthening the Misl. Some of the Politicians belonging to the Jat Sikh background in Canada and the United States are Moe Sihota (a Cabinet Minister of British Columbia), H. Dhaliwal (Parliamentary Secretary for Fisheries and Member of Parliament of Canada), G.S. 14-15). During the period when the Sikhs controlled Delhi the stone on which Emperors were installed and from which they read their edicts was removed from the Lal Killa and carted to Amritsar. Even though Maharaja Ranjit Singh was a Jat and a Sikh, during his rule he treated every individual and community very fairly which won him the admiration of people inside and outside his empire. Proving further Jatt is Not a Caste. 240-241), "The Jaats (Jats) are said to observe some institutions similar to the Seiks (Sikhs), wear their hair and beards in the same manner, and are part of the same people…". They are stalwart sturdy yeomen, of great independence, industry, and agricultural skill, and collectively form perhaps the finest peasantry in India. and Defense Minister of India), Dr G.S. After his death he was succeeded by Nodh Singh of Sahangi also near Amritsar. Thus Caste follows the rule of Ex-Communication. They have never adopted the Brahmanical system of Hinduism. with proportionate chest development were through force of circumstances obliged to take men at 5 feet 3 in., and moreover instead of maintaining a Jat Sikh standard were required to open their ranks to every kind of…. The name of the Misal is derived from the name of Jai Singh's village and one time the Misal was the strongest of the Sikh confederacies north of the river Sutlej in Punjab [7]. 553-554. "The virtues of the Jats are identical with those of the Sikhs, who have come out of this race, and the new creed has added a more military spirit, which is the principal tradition of the creed". 240, 297-298, 309, 313, 332-323, 334-345, 325-334, 306-309, first published in Calcutta, India, in 1891. For example, his Foreign Minister was a Muslim and his Treasurer, a Hindu. A. Ablana, Abra, Abni, Agwana, Ahlawat, Ahulana, Alpah, Alwi, Amlawat, Andar, Ansari, Antaal/Antal(also Untal), Anuja, Anwal, Arab, Arar, Arwal, Arya, Asar or Asra, Athangal, Atwal, Aujla, Aulakh or Aurak, Ayasi B Thus, they established themselves as the Alans in France, Spain, Portugal and so on, in the fifth century A.D. Some have moved to Western countries for business and commercial reasons. [2], pp. Maharaja Ranjit Singh also employed several Western medical doctors and artists. [19] - Tod, J. The other meanings are Jutt and Jutt Qoum Ka Koi Fard. I, Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore, 1890, pp. …the present Jit (Jat) prince of Lahore (Maharaja Ranjit Singh during the time of Col. Tod), whose successor, if he be endued with similar energy, may, on the reflux of population, find himself seated in their original haunts of Central Asia, to which they have already considerably advanced". 10-11 (Vol. Cheema (former member of the Manitoba Legislative Assembly), U.S. Dosanjh (Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly), H.S. Units whose standard prewar (World War I) were 5 feet 9 in. 25). Yet another strong rebuttal as how Jatt is not a Caste. The British recruited heavily from these so-called 'Martial Races' for service in the colonial army. The name "Bhangi" is derived from the members of the confederacy who made use of Bhang, an intoxicating drug manufactured from hemp [7, 16]. Transportation Minister of India). In turn Jats split into 2 groups one invaded India to the South and other invaded the Roman Empire in the West. I, reprinted by the Languages Department Punjab, Patiala, Punjab, India, 1970, pp. Jat people are mistakenly thought of coming under the shudra class in the Hindu Verna system mainly because of their mass migration occurring well after the caste system in India was established. Though Caste System further makes it a compulsion to make it based upon birth. The name of the River Indus or Dariyae Sindh was in the Ancient History of India "Sindhu". Virk (328), Jatal (710), 240-241, 236. Members of his government belonged to the different communities of his empire. (A well known Sikh scholar Khushwant Singh [21], pp. Jatt Clans, A-Y. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Jat in Urdu is جٹ, and in roman we write it Jutt. Professor Huntington's assertion of the original Sikhs belonging to the Jat background is supported by several European eyewitness account writers of the eighteenth century: In another document Polier [9] said, "But what is more to be admitted is that those Seik (Sikh) Sirdars (Chiefs), whose territories border on the King's were but very lately of the Jauts (Jats) and of their race and tribe ---- they have put on their iron bracelet, fifty of them are enough to keep at bay a whole battalion of the king's forces, such as they are". The Jat Sikhs have always been famous for their fine physique and are surpassed by no race in India for high-bred looks, smartness, and soldierly bearing. Here are five rebuttals that will prove this point. Ablana, Abra, Abni, Agwana, Ahlawat, Ahulana, Alpah, Alwi, Amlawat, Andar, Ansari, Antaal/Antal(also Untal), Anuja, Anwal, Arab, Arar, Arwal, Arya, Asar or Asra, Athangal, Atwal, Aujla, Aulakh or Aurak, Ayasi, Babbar, Bachhal, Badah, Badanah, Badechh, Badeesha, Bader, Badhan/Bidhan or Pakhai, Badohal, Badro, Badye, Bagga, Bagrah, Bagri, Bahia, Bahniwal, Baidwan, Bains, Bairwal, Bajwa, Bakarki, Bal, Balagan, Balham, Balho, Balwatrah, Banb, Band, Bandal, Bandechh, Bandejah, Banhor, Banipal/Behnipal/Benipal, Barian, Barn , Baryar, Basi/Bassi, Basra/Basran, Batth, Basanti,Bat or Bath, Batar, Bati, Battar, Batuhe, Bawah, Bawre, Behar/Bhar, Berag, Bhadah, Bhadiar, Bhagar, Bhaggu, Bhalar, Bhalerah, Bhaman, Bhamrai, Bhandal, Bhandar, Bhander, Bhango/Bhangoo/Bhangu, Bhaniwal, Bhanrar, Bhar/Behar, Bharah, Bharal, Bharanch, Bharwal, Bharwana, Bharyar, Bhati, Bhatoa, Bhatthal, Bhatti, Bhatia, Bhati Wad, Bhidal, Bhindal, Bhindar, Bhojiya, Bhola, Bholar, Bhonah, Bhotah, Bhotar, Bhullar, Bhutha, Bilan, Binning/Birring, Birak, Biring, Bochah, Bojak, Bola, Bonah, Bopahrae, Boperai, Bosan, Botar or Buttar, Brar/ Barar, Bubak, Buch, Buhar, Bura, Burana, Burra, Buta, Chaddu, Chahal, Chaina, Chakora, Chamal, Chamer, Chanan, Chanbal, Chandar, Chandarh, Chander, Changala, Chankar, Channar, Chanon, Chanwan, Chasti, Chatha/Chattha, Chatyal, Chemiya, Chhajra, Chhaju, Chhamia, Chhana, Chhanb, Chhaner, Chhatta, Chhatar, Chhina/China, Chholiana, Chhon or Chhoni, Chimma/Chima/Cheema, Chohan/Chauhan, Chohang, Chokahi, Chokhia, Choniya, Chosar, Chowah/Chowan, Dabb, Dadu, Dagar, Daha, Dahal, Dahalo, Dahamrai, Dahan, Dahang, Dahar, Dahawa, Dahba, Dahiya, Dahko, Dahloli, Daho, Dahon, Dahrala, Dahrija, Dal, Dalani, Dalo, Dammar, Dandi, Dandiwal, Danwar, Dargh, Daspal, Daul, Dehia, Deo, Deol, Deoania, Derija, Deswal/Deshwal, Dewala, Dewar, Dhadah, Dhadli/Dhandli/Dhadly, Dhadwal, Dhakku, Dhalan, Dhali, Dhalon, Dhami, Dhanda, Dhandiwal, Dhandsahar, Dhankar/ Dhankhar, Dhanoa/Dhnoa/Danoa/Dhanoya, Dhanoe, Dhanri, Dhar, Dharni, Dhaliwal/Dhariwal, Dhasi, Dhatt, Dhaunchak, Dhed, Dhendsa, Dher, Dhesi, Dhillon, Dhindsa, Dhinsa, Dhol, Dhori, Dhotar, Dhudhi, Dhudi, Dhuga/Dhugga, Dihadrae, Dodi, Dolat or Dulhat, Domarah, Dosanjh, Drigs, Duleh/Dulay/Dulai, Dun, Dund Rai, Dusanj, Gabhal, Gabir, Gadarah, Gadari, Gadwar, Gagrah, Gahlla, Gakhal, Gal, Galhar, Galwatrah, Ghandu, Gandia, Gangah, Ganj, Ganwan, Ganwanen, Ganwen, Ganwari, Garalwal, Garcha, Garewal or Grewal, Garhar, Gat, Gatab, Gawaria, Gazdar, Gazzi, Gelan, Gendas, Ghagah, Ghagrah, Ghalo, Ghalo Kanjanarah, Ghalowaknun, Ghaman, Ghan, Ghanghas, Ghatwal, Ghumman, Gill, Gir, Girwanh, Godara, Gohra, Goj, Golia, Gondal, Gopalak, Gopa Rai/ Gopirai, Gor, Gorae, Gorah/ Gora, Goratah, Goraya/ Guraiya, Gori, Goria, Goron, Gorwah, Gosal, Grang, Guda, Gujjral, Guraha/Gurrah, Hajra, Hakim, Hal, Hamar, Hamara, Hamath, Hamdi, Hamshirah, Hanbi, Handal, Hanjan, Hanjra, Hans, Hansalah, Hansarah, Hara, Harar, Hari, Harl, Hasam, Hathar, Hatiar, Hayer/Hayre, Heer, Heera, Heeray, Her or Porawal, Hijra or Hinjra, Holi, Hondal or Hundal, Hothi, Huda, Hural, Jabar, Jagal, Jaglan, Jagpal, Jahanbar, Jahanbo, Jai, Jajjah or Jathol, Jakhar, Jali, Jamra, Janer, Jangali, Jangla, Jani, Janil, Janjua, Jarah, Jaria, Jassowal, Jastar, Jaswal, Jatana, Jatatier, Jathol, Jatowal, Jaun, Jawa, Jawanda, Jawia, Jhad, Jhaj/Jhajj, Jhakar, Jhalan, Jhalli, Jhamat, Jhandir, Jhari, Jhawar, Jhonjah, Jhor, Jhotah, Jhuti, Johal, Jojah, Joldaha, Jomar, Jondah, Jopo, Josan, Jun, Junhi, Jurai, Juta, Kachala, Kachela, Kadian, Kahl, Kahlon, Kahon, Kahut, Kajlan/ Kajla, Kalar, Kalasarah, Kaler, Kaleroth, Kalhir, Kalhora or Rebuttal 1 - ETHNIC NATURE: If you look at the Nature of a "Caste", you will notice that its spread throughout India. In fact, at least 80 per cent of the Sikhs settled in these countries belong to the Jat background. They make good soldiers…". Good or Evil, a Jatt shall always remain a Jatt. [14] - MacMunn, G. (Lt. Gen. and Sir), The Martial Races of India, reprinted by Mittal Publications, Delhi, India, 1979, pp. Jat Meaning in English to Urdu is جٹ, as written in Urdu and Jutt, as written in Roman Urdu. At least nine of these Misals were founded by the Jats. The Jat people (Jat: जाट, also spelt Jatt: जट्ट), are a 33 million strong ethnic group of people native to South Asia mainly in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan as well as in Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra et all. 224-225). As per the A.D. 1888 census returns [4,5] figure for the total number of baptised Sikhs in India was 1,706,909 and the Jats accounted for 66%. It retards social solidarity by spoiling social harmony, integrity, and feelings of brotherliness. Jat), Bhai Bala (a Sandhu Jat), Baba Buddha (a Randhawa Jat), Bhai Dharam Singh (a